To understand the benefits that artificial intelligence can bring to the world of human medicine, consider the case of Ayako Yamashita, a 60-year-old Japanese woman, whose condition befuddled doctors in 2015. Yamashita was thought to be suffering from acute myeloid leukemia. But after several unsuccessful treatment attempts, her doctors decided to search for another answer to her condition. They turned to IBM's Watson, an AI system capable of analyzing vast amounts of data. The computer reviewed nearly 20 million previously-published oncological research studies and cross-referenced data points. Watson's analysis suggested the woman had a rare form of leukemia not detected through conventional methods.